Rift Valley Fever

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease commonly seen in domesticated animals such as cattle, sheep, goats and camels. It can be transmitted to humans by mosquitos and flies (vector-borne disease), but most human infections result from direct contact with the tissues and organs of infected animals.  It can also be acquired through ingesting unpasteurized milk of infected animals.  It has not been shown to pass from person to person.

The disease can range from a mild flu-like illness to severe haemorrhagic fever resulting in death. It is considered an occupational risk of herders, slaughterhouse workers and veterinarians.

The virus was first identified in the Rift Valley of Kenya in the early 1930’s. Major outbreaks have occurred in Egypt, Sudan and West Africa.  In 2000, the disease was reported for the first time outside of Africa in Yemen and Saudi Arabia.

An outbreak of RVF occurred in Mauritania in 2020.  There were 78 reported cases and 25 deaths. Cattle and camels were affected.

The risk to travellers is very low.  Expatriate and humanitarian workers in the agricultural sector, in areas of risk, should be aware of the disease. Risk is greatest during outbreaks.  Individuals should take extra precautions if spending time in outdoor areas at night during an outbreak of the disease.