Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

RSV is a viral lower respiratory tract infection which can cause serious disease in young children and older adults. It is a common cause of hospitalization in both these groups.

The risk of severe disease is increased in those over 65 years who have comorbidities such as chronic lung disease, weakened immunity, circulatory issues, or mobility problems.

It is estimated that 60,000 – 100,000 people are hospitalized annually in the USA with 6,000 to 10,000 deaths.  During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases reduced dramatically. This was attributed to infection control measures at the time.  After COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, the number of RSV cases surged. 

More than 120,000 cases of RSV have been reported in Australia over the last 12 months (January 2024).

The disease is more common in autumn and winter months. This was not the case immediately post-COVID, but normal patterns are more likely to resume.

The disease spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be transmitted through close contact or when you touch a contaminated surface like a doorknob or tabletop.

Good hand hygiene using soap and water, or alcohol hand gel is very effective in reducing the risk of exposure.

Respiratory tract infections are more common in travellers.

It is almost impossible to avoid crowds while travelling and there is no distinction between hemispheres or seasons when passing through airports.  In the tropics, flu activity occurs throughout the year. The only difference being more outside activity.

The new (2024) RSV vaccine, Arexvy, might be considered in any discussion on influenza.  The conditions for both would be similar.

Regulatory approval (TGA) for Arexvy has been given for use in those over 60 years and the vaccine should be available in early 2024 through private prescription and purchase. At this stage, it will not be available free under the Australian Immunisation Program.