Mpox

Mpox (previously known as Monkeypox) is a viral disease, mostly transmitted to humans through physical contact. It can also be transmitted by contaminated material. The virus enters the body through broken skin, mucosal surfaces or via the respiratory tract. Transmission to humans can occur through bites from infected animals or during activities such as skinning or eating animals. The disease was first identified in Africa in the 1970’s.

A global outbreak of viral disease was occurred in May 2022. Cases were identified in mass gatherings in Antwerp, Gran Canaria and elsewhere. Since this time, interventions have been put in place and case notifications have declined. Individuals are much more aware of risk and Mpox vaccination has become available. More than 98% of cases reported globally have been in men who have sex with men.

As of September 2023, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported more than 90,000 cases from 115 countries with 115 deaths.

The disease is usually self-limiting, lasting between 2 and 4 weeks. Severe illness can occur, but the current case fatality rate is estimated to be less than 1%. Higher fatality rates have been observed in Africa.

Only occasional cases were diagnosed in travellers outside of Africa prior to the 2022 outbreak.

Now (2023), more than 140 cases have been identified in Australia with the majority acquired overseas.

The WHO downgraded the global emergency status in May 2023. The overall risk to travellers is low. Travellers at a higher risk of exposure to Mpox are more likely to be aware of the disease and take appropriate prevention measures.